1) Catalytic Oxidation
Silver, in its atomic state, has the capacity to absorb
oxygen and act as a catalyst to bring about oxidation. Atomic (nascent) oxygen
absorbed onto the surface of silver ions in solution will readily react with
the sulfhydryl (-S-H) groups surrounding the surface of bacteria or viruses to
remove the hydrogen atoms (as water), causing the sulfur atoms to form an
R-S-S-R bond; blocking respiration and causing the bacteria to expire.
Employing a simple catalytic reduction/oxidation reaction, colloidal silver will
react with any negative charge presented by the organism's transport or
membrane proteins and deactivate them.
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2) Reaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes
There is evidence that silver ions attach to membrane
surface radicals of bacteria, impairing cell respiration and blocking its
energy transfer system. One explanation is based on the nature of enzyme
construction: Specific enzymes are required for a given biochemical activity to
take place. Enzyme molecules usually require a specific metallic atom as part
of the molecular matrix in order to function. A metal of higher valance can
replace a metal of lower valance in the enzyme complex, preventing the enzyme
from functioning normally. Silver, with a valance of plus 2, can replace many
metals with a lower, or equal valance that exhibit weaker atomic bonding
properties. |
3) Binding with DNA
Studies by C.L. Fox and S.M. Modak with pseudomonas
aeruginosa, a tenacious bacteria that is difficult to treat, demonstrated that
as much as 12% of silver is taken up by the organism's DNA. While it remains
unclear exactly how the silver binds to the DNA without destroying the hydrogen
bonds holding the lattice together, it nevertheless prevents the DNA from
unwinding, an essential step for cellular replication to occur.
Since silver kills only bacteria that is anaerobic or nitrogen
breathing, the friendly bacteria in the digestive tract are immune to it due to the fact that they are oxygen breathing,
(aerobic). |